Heartworm disease is a potentially fatal parasitic infection that affects dogs. The infection is caused by a worm called Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The larvae enter the dog’s bloodstream, migrate to the heart and lungs, and mature into long, slender worms that can cause severe damage to the dog’s cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and other organs.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of heartworm disease may not be apparent in the early stages, but as the worms grow and multiply, they can cause coughing, lethargy, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, dogs may develop heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or other life-threatening complications. Treatment of heartworm disease can be expensive and time-consuming, and it is not always successful, especially in advanced cases.
PREVENTION
Prevention is the key to avoiding heartworm disease in dogs. There are several preventive medications available, including oral tablets, topical treatments, and injectables. These medications work by killing the immature worms before they can mature and cause damage. Preventive medications should be given on a regular schedule, as directed by your veterinarian.
If your dog is diagnosed with heartworm disease, treatment will depend on the severity of the infection. In mild cases, treatment may involve medication to kill the worms, as well as strict rest and limited activity to prevent complications. In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the worms and repair any damage they have caused.
RECOVERY
Recovery from heartworm disease can be a long process, and your dog will need close monitoring and follow-up care from your veterinarian. After treatment, your dog will need to be kept calm and quiet for several weeks to allow the damaged tissues to heal. You will also need to keep your dog on a preventive medication to prevent re-infection.
Prevention of heartworm disease is particularly important in areas where mosquitoes are prevalent. Mosquitoes can carry the heartworm larvae from one infected animal to another, so even dogs that do not spend much time outside can be at risk. Prevention is also important for dogs that travel, as they may be exposed to heartworm disease in other parts of the country or the world.
In addition to preventive medication, there are other steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk of heartworm disease. Mosquito control measures, such as removing standing water and using mosquito repellents, can help reduce the number of mosquitoes in your area. Keeping your dog indoors during peak mosquito hours, such as at dusk and dawn, can also reduce their exposure to mosquitoes.
SEE THE VET
Regular veterinary check-ups are also important for detecting heartworm disease early. Your veterinarian may recommend a blood test for heartworm disease as part of your dog’s routine wellness exam. If your dog is diagnosed with heartworm disease, your veterinarian can provide guidance on the best course of treatment and help you manage your dog’s care throughout the recovery process.